How should the Valsalva Maneuver be performed correctly?

The correct way to perform the Valsalva Maneuver is to pinch your nose, close your mouth, and exhale forcefully. This technique helps equalize pressure in the ears, particularly during altitude changes, as it forces air up the Eustachian tubes into the middle ear. The pressure differential that occurs when the maneuver is executed correctly helps to equalize the pressure safely.

This procedure is particularly useful in aviation and scuba diving contexts, where rapid changes in pressure can lead to discomfort or injury in the ears. By exhaling against a closed airway (with the mouth closed and nose pinched), you're creating back pressure that facilitates the opening of the Eustachian tubes. This is essential in preventing barotrauma, a condition caused by pressure changes that can be damaging to the ear structures.

The other methods suggested, such as just exhaling with the mouth open or simply swallowing hard while holding the nose closed, do not establish the necessary pressure in the Eustachian tubes effectively. Additionally, taking a deep breath and holding it does not apply the correct pressure to achieve the necessary equalization of air pressure. Understanding these mechanics is crucial for those involved in activities subject to significant pressure changes.