What effect can cause pilot disorientation during flight due to false visual input?

The phenomenon that can cause pilot disorientation during flight due to false visual input is known as the graveyard spiral. This situation often occurs when a pilot is in a turn that feels level but is actually in a descent. As the aircraft descends while turning, the pilot may not perceive the true state of the aircraft's position and might misinterpret various sensory cues, leading to a dangerous spiral into the ground.

In a graveyard spiral, the disorientation is exacerbated by visual misperceptions and the pilot's reliance on certain sensory inputs that can mislead them about the aircraft’s altitude, pitch, and direction. This illusion highlights the importance of instrument flying and the need for pilots to rely on their instruments instead of just their visual perceptions, especially in conditions where visual references are limited or misleading.

Understanding the graveyard spiral emphasizes the significance of proper training and awareness in recognizing and mitigating the effects of sensory illusions that can occur in flight.