What substance do otoliths contain, which helps with their function?

Otoliths, located in the inner ear, are small calcium carbonate crystals that play a crucial role in maintaining balance and spatial orientation. These crystals facilitate the detection of gravitational forces and linear accelerations, which is essential for the vestibular system's function. When the head moves, the otoliths shift due to inertia, and this movement causes the bending of hair cells in the surrounding structure called the macula. This bending provides the brain with information about the position of the head in relation to gravity and motion.

The presence of calcium carbonate allows the otoliths to be dense enough to respond effectively to gravitational forces, making them integral to the body's equilibrium and balance system. Their composition directly correlates with their ability to perform this essential sensory function.